What Is DNS And How It Works | Shadow Cyber Security


The Internet's DNS system works much like a phone book by managing the mapping between names and numbers.DNS servers translate requests for names into IP addresses, controlling which server an end user will reach hen they type a domain name into their web browser. These requests are called query.




The Domain Name System is one of the foundation of the internet, working in the background to match the names of web sites that people type into a search box with the corresponding IP address, a long string of numbers that no one could be expected to remember.


In the 1970s and early 80s, the task of matching domain names and IP addresses was assigned to one person,Elizabeth Feinler at Stanford Research Institute,who maintained a amster list of every internet, connected computer. This was obviously unsustainable , given the rapid growth of the internet and in 1983, Paul Mockapetris developed DNS, and automated, scalable system that handles domain name to IP address translation.


How does DNS work?




Recursive resolvers and root, top level and name servers, when your computer wants to find the IP address associated with a domain name, it first makes  its DNS query via a DNS client, typically in a Web browser.A recursive resolver is typically operated operated by an Internet service provider, such as AT&T or Verizon and it knows which other DNS servers it needs to ak to resolve the name of a site wits IP address.

DNS is organised in a hierarchy. An initial DNS query for an IP address is made to a recursive resolver. This search first leads to a root server, which has information on top level domains as well as country domain. Root servers are located all around the world, so the DNS system routes the requests to the closet one.


How does the DNS numbering system work?

Every device that connects to the internet needs to have a unique IP addresses in order to have traffic properly routed to it.the string of numbers is divided into section, which include the network component, the host and the subnet, not dissimilar to a telephone number that might have a country code,an area code, etc.

The subnet part of the number is optional but is used to navigate the sometimes extremely large number of subnets and other partitions within a local network.


What is DNS over HTTPS?




While DNSSec addresses potential vulnerabilities within the distributed network of DNS servers, it hasn't stopped NDS based cyber attacks that use some form of deception to inject malicious code into the DNS system.

Organisation, that try to have some measure of control over which browsers and browser versions are used by employees, have the option to simple disable it. On the ISP side, many of the leading ISPS haven not yet enabled DoH on their end.


What is DNSSec?




DNSSec is a security protocol devised by ICANN to help make communication among the various levels of servers include in DNS lookups more secure.

It addresses in the communication between DNS top level, second level, adn third level directory servers that allows hackers to hijack lookups.These sites could upload malware to users or carry out phishing attacks.


How to find my DNS server?

The DNS server that you use will be established automatically by your ISP when you connect to the internet. If you want to see which servers are your primary name servers, there are web utilities that can provide information about your current network connection, such as browserleaks.com.

Some users may have reason to avoid their ISP's DNS for example, if the ISP uses their DNS servers to redirect requests for non existent addresses tpo pages with advertising.


Is DNS secure?

Cyber criminals are extremely clever when it comes to identifying vulnerabilities that can be exploited in just about  system, and DNS has certainly some in for its fair share of attacks.

The COVID related shift to off premises work and the response by companies to move resources to the cloud to maker them ore accessible have them more accessible have provided new targets for attackers, the report said.


Who assigns IP addresses?




In 1998, the U.S. government handed the task of assigning IP addresses over to the internet corporation for assigned numbers and numbers. The not for profit organisation has managed that function ever since without any notable disruptions. 

For the most part, ICNN takes a neutral and advisory role.Once registered, new domains can populate ans be reached worldwide vis DNS servers in a matter of minutes.


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